Add BLE security: Just Works pairing + HMAC-SHA256 authentication

Two-layer security for the BLE relay:

1. BLE Just Works pairing (link-layer encryption)
   - ESP32 requires bonding before accepting writes
   - Characteristic permissions set to ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE_ENCRYPTED
   - IO capability NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT (no passkey needed)
   - LE Secure Connections with bonding (ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND)

2. HMAC-SHA256 authentication (application-level)
   - 32-byte shared secret in src/hmac_key.h (generated, gitignored)
   - Each command signed: HMAC-SHA256(key, command || sequence)
   - 37-byte packet format: [cmd:1][seq:4][hmac:32]
   - Sequence counter prevents replay (strictly increasing, starts at 1)
   - mbedtls on ESP, javax.crypto.Mac on Android

Key management:
- tools/generate_hmac_key.py generates random key + writes src/hmac_key.h
- ESP prints hex key to serial 5 seconds after boot
- Android app: SettingsActivity with eye-toggle password field
- Key stored in SharedPreferences, supports multiple ESP modules

Other changes:
- Android app: bonding flow (createBond -> BOND_BONDED -> discover)
- Android app: MTU negotiation (request 256)
- Android app: settings button (gear icon) in main screen
- Fix: sequence counter starts at 1 to prevent first-packet rejection
- Updated README with full security documentation
This commit is contained in:
eddy 2026-07-26 08:18:52 +02:00
commit 7f68e9ad70
13 changed files with 621 additions and 46 deletions

3
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
# HMAC key (generated, do not commit)
src/hmac_key.h
# PlatformIO
.pio/
.pioenvs/

170
README.md
View file

@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
BLE-gestuurde relais-switch voor de M5Stack Atom VoiceS3R (ESP32-S3) met een bijbehorende Android-app. Het relais kan worden bediend via een capacitieve touch-sensor (open-drain) óf via Bluetooth Low Energy vanaf een Android-telefoon.
De BLE-verbinding is beveiligd met **twee lagen**: BLE Just Works pairing (link-layer encryptie) en **HMAC-SHA256 authenticatie** (application-level handtekening met replay-protectie).
## Hardware
| Component | Details |
@ -35,9 +37,60 @@ Relais - → GND
> **Let op:** De ESP32-S3 interne pullup is ~45kΩ. Bij lange draden of elektrische ruis een externe 4.7kΩ–10kΩ pullup naar 3.3V plaatsen.
## Beveiliging
De relay is beveiligd tegen ongeautoriseerde toegang via twee onafhankelijke lagen:
### 1. BLE Just Works Pairing (link-layer encryptie)
- De ESP32 vereist **bonding** voordat de characteristic geschreven kan worden
- IO capability: `ESP_IO_CAP_NONE` (Just Works — geen passcode nodig)
- Authentication mode: `ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND` (LE Secure Connections met bonding)
- De characteristic heeft `ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE_ENCRYPTED` — writes worden alleen geaccepteerd over een versleutelde link
- Na de eerste keer paren onthoudt de telefoon de bonding; bij herverbinding wordt de link automatisch versleuteld
### 2. HMAC-SHA256 Authenticatie (application-level)
Omdat BLE Just Works geen MITM-bescherming biedt, is er een tweede laag toegevoegd:
- Both de ESP firmware en de Android app bevatten een **32-byte shared secret** (HMAC key)
- Elk commando wordt ondertekend met `HMAC-SHA256(key, command || sequence)`
- De ESP verifieert de handtekening voordat het relais schakelt
- Een **sequence counter** voorkomt replay-aanvallen: elk packet moet een strikt oplopend volgnummer hebben
#### Packet formaat (37 bytes)
```
Offset Grootte Veld Beschrijving
0 1 byte command 0x01 = relais aan, 0x00 = relais uit
1 4 bytes sequence Big-endian uint32, strikt oplopend (start bij 1)
5 32 bytes hmac HMAC-SHA256(key, command || sequence)
```
De sequence counter reset naar 0 bij elke (re)connectie op de ESP. De app start bij 1 om te zorgen dat het eerste packet altijd geaccepteerd wordt (`1 > 0`). Replay van een eerder packet wordt geweerd omdat `seq <= lastSeq`.
#### Key management
- De HMAC key staat in `src/hmac_key.h` (niet in git, `.gitignore`)
- Een CLI-tool genereert een willekeurige key: `python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py`
- De ESP print de key 5 seconden na opstarten naar serial
- De gebruiker voert de key eenmalig in via het instellingenscherm in de Android app
- De app slaat de key op in SharedPreferences (overleeft app-herstarts)
- Zo kan dezelfde app gebruikt worden voor meerdere ESP modules — each met een eigen key
### Beveiligingsanalyse
| Aanval | Hoe geweerd |
|---|---|
| **Sniffen** | BLE link encrypted (AES-CCM via Just Works) |
| **Replay** | Sequence counter — zelfde packet werkt niet 2x |
| **Ongeautoriseerd device** | HMAC vereist geheime sleutel |
| **MITM** | Just Works is kwetsbaar voor MITM; HMAC maakt actieve MITM wel moeilijk (aanvaller moet de key kennen) |
| **Reverse engineering van key** | Sleutel staat in APK — extracteerbaar met reverse engineering. Voor hogere veiligheid: gebruiker ProGuard/R8 obfuscation. |
## Firmware
De firmware is geschreven in C++ met behulp van PlatformIO en de Arduino-framework. BLE wordt verzorgd door de ESP32 BLE library.
De firmware is geschreven in C++ met behulp van PlatformIO en de Arduino-framework. BLE wordt verzorgd door de ESP32 BLE library, HMAC door mbedtls (ingebouwd in ESP-IDF).
### Logica
@ -46,10 +99,10 @@ Het relais gaat aan als **één van beide** bronnen actief is:
| Bron | Voorwaarde | Resultaat |
|---|---|---|
| Touch sensor | G38 = LOW (aanraken) | Relais aan |
| BLE command | App stuurt `0x01` | Relais aan |
| BLE command | App stuurt HMAC-ondertekend `0x01` | Relais aan |
| Geen van beide | G38 = HIGH + geen BLE command | Relais uit |
De touch sensor en BLE werken onafhankelijk. Als de sensor losgelaten wordt én de BLE-knop niet ingedrukt is, gaat het relais uit.
De touch sensor en BLE werken onafzankelijk. Als de sensor losgelaten wordt en de BLE-knop niet ingedrukt is, gaat het relais uit.
### BLE GATT
@ -58,21 +111,41 @@ De touch sensor en BLE werken onafhankelijk. Als de sensor losgelaten wordt én
| Service | `4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b` |
| Characteristic | `beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361f26d8` |
De characteristic ondersteunt `WRITE` en `NOTIFY`. Schrijf `0x01` om het relais aan te zetten, `0x00` om uit te zetten.
De characteristic ondersteunt `WRITE` (encrypted) en `NOTIFY`. Writes vereisen een versleutelde link (bonding) plus HMAC-authenticatie.
### HMAC Key genereren
Voordat de firmware gecompileerd kan worden, moet er een HMAC key gegenereerd worden:
```bash
python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py
```
Dit maakt `src/hmac_key.h` aan met een willekeurige 32-byte key en print de hex-representatie. Een bestaande key overschrijven:
```bash
echo "y" | python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py
```
> **Belangrijk:** `src/hmac_key.h` staat in `.gitignore` en wordt niet gecommit. De key moet op de ESP en in de app identiek zijn.
### Serial monitor
Baudrate: **115200** (USB CDC). De firmware stuurt heartbeat-statussen elke 5 seconden en logt statuswijzigingen:
Baudrate: **115200** (USB CDC). De firmware stuurt heartbeat-statussen elke 5 seconden, logt statuswijzigingen, en print de HMAC key 5 seconden na opstarten:
```
=== Atom VoiceS3R BLE Relay ===
LED blink done, starting BLE...
BLE: advertising started as 'AtomS3R-Relay'
Printing HMAC key in 5 seconds...
HMAC Key: C3F17B612B93E82C56B055FA9B04E84664ACE1EC4E889F2763F271B65A5B54AF
Enter this key in the Android app > Settings.
Setup done.
[heartbeat] relay=OFF touch=no ble=disconnected
BLE: device connected
Relay ON (touch=YES, ble=connected)
Relay OFF (touch=no, ble=connected)
BLE: relay ON (seq=1)
BLE: relay OFF (seq=2)
```
### Uploaden
@ -80,6 +153,7 @@ Relay OFF (touch=no, ble=connected)
> **Download-mode:** Houd de reset-knop ~2 seconden ingedrukt tot de groene LED aangaat, laat dan los. Het board is nu in download-mode.
```bash
# Zorg dat src/hmac_key.h bestaat (zo niet: python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py)
pio run --target upload
```
@ -92,18 +166,32 @@ Na het uploaden treedt er een harde reset op. Als het board in download-mode bli
- **Auto-connect:** De app scant automatisch bij opstarten naar het BLE-apparaat "AtomS3R-Relay"
- **Auto-reconnect:** Bij wegvallen van de verbinding wordt na 2 seconden opnieuw gescant
- **Hold-to-activate:** Houd de knop ingedrukt voor relais aan, loslaten voor relais uit (zelfde gedrag als de sensor)
- **BLE Pairing:** De app initieert bonding (`createBond()`) na connectie; Just Works pairing verloopt zonder gebruikersinteractie
- **MTU negotiatie:** Vraagt MTU 256 aan na service discovery (voor 37-byte HMAC packets)
- **HMAC authenticatie:** Elk commando wordt ondertekend met HMAC-SHA256 + sequence counter
- **Instellingenscherm:** Losse Activity voor het invoeren van de HMAC key (met oog-icoon om de key te tonen/verbergen)
- **Permissies:** Vraagt BLUETOOTH_SCAN, BLUETOOTH_CONNECT en ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION aan (Android 12+)
### Instellingenscherm
1. Open de app
2. Tik op het **tandwiel-icoon** rechtsboven
3. Voer de 64-teken hex key in (zelfde als de ESP op serial print)
4. Tik op het **oog-icoon** om de key te tonen/verbergen
5. Tik **Opslaan**
De key wordt opgeslagen in SharedPreferences en overleeft app-herstarts. Bij geen key toont de app "Geen HMAC sleutel - open Instellingen" en wordt er niet gescant.
### Bouwen
Vereisten:
- Android SDK (API 34+)
- Java 21
- Gradle 8.5
- Java 17+ (getest met Java 17 en 21; Java 26 werkt niet met Kotlin 1.9 daemon — valt terug op non-incremental)
- Gradle 8.2.2 (via wrapper)
```bash
cd android
JAVA_HOME=/pad/naar/jdk21 ./gradlew assembleDebug
./gradlew assembleDebug
```
De APK staat na build in `android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk`.
@ -121,22 +209,55 @@ adb connect <ip>:<poort>
adb install -r android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk
```
### UUID's
## Eerste keer setup
De app gebruikt dezelfde UUID's als de firmware:
```kotlin
private val SERVICE_UUID: UUID = UUID.fromString("4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b")
private val CHARACTERISTIC_UUID: UUID = UUID.fromString("beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361f26d8")
1. **Genereer HMAC key:**
```bash
python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py
```
Noteer de geprinte hex key.
2. **Flash de ESP:**
```bash
pio run -t upload
```
3. **Lees de HMAC key uit serial** (5 seconden na opstarten):
```bash
# Via python:
python3 -c "import serial,time; s=serial.Serial('/dev/ttyACM0',115200); [print(l) for l in iter(lambda: s.readline().decode(errors='replace').strip() or None, None) if 'HMAC Key:' in l] if False else exec('''
import serial, time
s = serial.Serial(\"/dev/ttyACM0\", 115200, timeout=2)
start = time.time()
while time.time() - start < 15:
d = s.read(1024)
if d:
for line in d.decode(errors=\"replace\").splitlines():
if line.strip(): print(line.strip())
if b\"HMAC Key:\" in d: break
s.close()
''')"
```
4. **Installeer de app op de telefoon:**
```bash
adb install -r android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk
```
5. **Open de app → tandwiel-icoon → voer key in → Opslaan**
6. De app scant, paart (Just Works), en verbindt. Houd de HOLD-knop ingedrukt om het relais te schakelen.
## Projectstructuur
```
sylvia-touch-relay/
├── platformio.ini # PlatformIO configuratie (ESP32-S3)
├── tools/
│ └── generate_hmac_key.py # CLI tool: genereert src/hmac_key.h
├── src/
│ └── main.cpp # Firmware (BLE + sensor + relais)
│ ├── main.cpp # Firmware (BLE + HMAC + sensor + relais)
│ └── hmac_key.h # Gegenereerd, niet in git (.gitignore)
├── android/
│ ├── build.gradle # Root Gradle config
│ ├── settings.gradle
@ -149,9 +270,16 @@ sylvia-touch-relay/
│ └── src/main/
│ ├── AndroidManifest.xml
│ ├── java/com/eddy/atomrelay/
│ │ └── MainActivity.kt
│ │ ├── MainActivity.kt # BLE client + HMAC signing
│ │ └── SettingsActivity.kt # HMAC key invoer + oog toggle
│ └── res/
│ ├── layout/activity_main.xml
│ ├── drawable/
│ │ ├── ic_eye_open.xml # Oog open icoon
│ │ ├── ic_eye_closed.xml # Oog dicht icoon
│ │ └── ic_settings.xml # Tandwiel icoon
│ ├── layout/
│ │ ├── activity_main.xml # Hoofd UI
│ │ └── activity_settings.xml # Key invoer UI
│ └── values/strings.xml
├── .gitignore
└── README.md
@ -161,5 +289,9 @@ sylvia-touch-relay/
- De Atom VoiceS3R gebruikt de ES8311 audio codec op G45/G0/G48/G4/G3/G17/G11, IR TX op G47, en de knop op G41. Deze pinnen zijn niet beschikbaar voor eigen gebruik.
- G1 en G2 zitten op de HY2.0-4P Grove poort. G5-G8, G38, G39 zitten op de onderste expantie-header.
- De firmware gebruikt geen M5Unified library — alleen Arduino core + ESP32 BLE. Dit maakt de serial output betrouwbaarder via USB CDC.
- De firmware gebruikt geen M5Unified library — alleen Arduino core + ESP32 BLE + mbedtls. Dit maakt de serial output betrouwbaarder via USB CDC.
- `ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1` is ingeschakeld voor virtuele serial via USB.
- De HMAC key wordt via `#include "hmac_key.h"` in de firmware geincludeerd. Dit bestand is gegenereerd door `tools/generate_hmac_key.py` en staat in `.gitignore`.
- De app gebruikt `WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE` voor minimale latency — de encryptie en HMAC verificatie gebeuren op de link layer resp. application layer en zijn onafhankelijk van het write type.
- De sequence counter start bij 1 (niet 0) om te voorkomen dat het eerste packet na connectie als replay wordt geweerd (`0 <= 0` is true in de `seq <= lastSeq` check).
- Für meerdere ESP modules met verschillende keys: genereer per module een eigen key, flash de firmware, en voer de juiste key in de app in. De app ondersteunt momenteel slechtséén key (opgeslagen in SharedPreferences).

View file

@ -24,5 +24,10 @@
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".SettingsActivity"
android:label="Instellingen"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/>
</application>
</manifest>

View file

@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.IntentFilter
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Bundle
import android.os.Handler
@ -18,9 +22,14 @@ import android.os.Looper
import android.util.Log
import android.view.MotionEvent
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.ImageButton
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import java.nio.ByteBuffer
import java.nio.ByteOrder
import javax.crypto.Mac
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
import java.util.UUID
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
@ -31,6 +40,8 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val CHARACTERISTIC_UUID: UUID = UUID.fromString("beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361f26d8")
private val CCCD_UUID: UUID = UUID.fromString("00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb")
private const val DEVICE_NAME = "AtomS3R-Relay"
private const val HMAC_PKT_SIZE = 37 // 1 cmd + 4 seq + 32 hmac
private const val HMAC_LEN = 32
}
private var bluetoothGatt: BluetoothGatt? = null
@ -38,6 +49,10 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private var isScanning = false
private val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
private var seq = 1
private var hmacKey: ByteArray? = null
private var pendingDevice: BluetoothDevice? = null
private lateinit var statusText: TextView
private lateinit var relayButton: Button
private lateinit var scanButton: Button
@ -54,11 +69,39 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
}
}
private val bondReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
val action = intent.action
if (action == BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED) {
val device = intent.getParcelableExtra<BluetoothDevice>(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE)
val bondState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE)
Log.d(TAG, "Bond state changed: ${device?.address} -> $bondState")
if (bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED && device == pendingDevice) {
Log.d(TAG, "Bonded, discovering services...")
runOnUiThread { statusText.text = "Bonded, connecting..." }
bluetoothGatt?.discoverServices()
}
}
}
}
private val gattCallback = object : BluetoothGattCallback() {
override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int, newState: Int) {
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
Log.d(TAG, "GATT connected, discovering services...")
Log.d(TAG, "GATT connected")
bluetoothGatt = gatt
val device = gatt.device
pendingDevice = device
if (device.bondState == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
Log.d(TAG, "Already bonded, discovering services...")
runOnUiThread { statusText.text = "Connected, discovering..." }
gatt.discoverServices()
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "Not bonded, creating bond...")
runOnUiThread { statusText.text = "Pairing..." }
device.createBond()
}
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
Log.d(TAG, "GATT disconnected")
runOnUiThread {
@ -68,23 +111,29 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
gatt.close()
bluetoothGatt = null
relayCharacteristic = null
// Auto-reconnect after 2 seconds
seq = 0
handler.postDelayed({ startScan() }, 2000)
}
}
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
override fun onServicesDiscovered(gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int) {
Log.d(TAG, "Services discovered, requesting MTU...")
gatt.requestMtu(256)
}
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
override fun onMtuChanged(gatt: BluetoothGatt, mtu: Int, status: Int) {
Log.d(TAG, "MTU changed to $mtu")
val service = gatt.getService(SERVICE_UUID)
if (service != null) {
relayCharacteristic = service.getCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID)
if (relayCharacteristic != null) {
// Enable notifications
gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(relayCharacteristic, true)
val descriptor = relayCharacteristic!!.getDescriptor(CCCD_UUID)
descriptor.value = BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE
gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor)
Log.d(TAG, "Services discovered, relay characteristic found")
Log.d(TAG, "Ready, relay characteristic found")
runOnUiThread {
statusText.text = "Connected"
relayButton.isEnabled = true
@ -112,14 +161,59 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
statusText = findViewById(R.id.statusText)
relayButton = findViewById(R.id.relayButton)
scanButton = findViewById(R.id.scanButton)
val settingsButton = findViewById<ImageButton>(R.id.settingsButton)
scanButton.setOnClickListener { startScan() }
settingsButton.setOnClickListener {
startActivity(Intent(this, SettingsActivity::class.java))
}
setupRelayButton()
// Auto-connect on app start
registerReceiver(bondReceiver, IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED))
handler.postDelayed({ startScan() }, 500)
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
loadHmacKey()
if (hmacKey == null) {
statusText.text = "Geen HMAC sleutel - open Instellingen"
}
}
private fun loadHmacKey() {
val prefs = getSharedPreferences(SettingsActivity.PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
val hexKey = prefs.getString(SettingsActivity.PREF_KEY, null)
hmacKey = hexKey?.let { hexStringToBytes(it) }
Log.d(TAG, "HMAC key loaded: ${if (hmacKey != null) "${hmacKey!!.size} bytes" else "none"}")
}
private fun hexStringToBytes(hex: String): ByteArray? {
val cleaned = hex.uppercase().filter { it in "0123456789ABCDEF" }
if (cleaned.length != 64) return null
return cleaned.chunked(2).map { it.toInt(16).toByte() }.toByteArray()
}
private fun hmacSha256(data: ByteArray, key: ByteArray): ByteArray {
val mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256")
mac.init(SecretKeySpec(key, "HmacSHA256"))
return mac.doFinal(data)
}
private fun buildPacket(cmd: Byte, key: ByteArray): ByteArray {
val seqBytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).putInt(seq).array()
val hmacData = ByteArray(5)
hmacData[0] = cmd
System.arraycopy(seqBytes, 0, hmacData, 1, 4)
val hmac = hmacSha256(hmacData, key)
val packet = ByteArray(HMAC_PKT_SIZE)
packet[0] = cmd
System.arraycopy(seqBytes, 0, packet, 1, 4)
System.arraycopy(hmac, 0, packet, 5, HMAC_LEN)
return packet
}
@Deprecated("Deprecated in Java")
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
@ -160,6 +254,11 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
return
}
if (hmacKey == null) {
statusText.text = "Geen HMAC sleutel - open Instellingen"
return
}
isScanning = true
statusText.text = "Scanning..."
scanButton.isEnabled = false
@ -167,7 +266,6 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
adapter.bluetoothLeScanner.startScan(scanCallback)
// Stop scan after 10 seconds
handler.postDelayed({
if (isScanning) stopScan()
}, 10000)
@ -196,10 +294,15 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private fun sendRelayCommand(on: Boolean) {
val char = relayCharacteristic ?: return
val gatt = bluetoothGatt ?: return
char.value = byteArrayOf(if (on) 0x01 else 0x00)
val key = hmacKey ?: return
val cmd: Byte = if (on) 0x01 else 0x00
val packet = buildPacket(cmd, key)
char.value = packet
char.writeType = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE
gatt.writeCharacteristic(char)
Log.d(TAG, "Sent relay ${if (on) "ON" else "OFF"}")
seq++
Log.d(TAG, "Sent relay ${if (on) "ON" else "OFF"} (seq=${seq - 1})")
}
private fun getRequiredPermissions(): Array<String> {
@ -224,9 +327,11 @@ class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, getRequiredPermissions(), 1)
}
@SuppressLint("UnspecifiedRegisterReceiverFlag")
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
stopScan()
bluetoothGatt?.close()
unregisterReceiver(bondReceiver)
}
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
package com.eddy.atomrelay
import android.content.Context
import android.os.Bundle
import android.text.InputType
import android.text.TextWatcher
import android.text.Editable
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.EditText
import android.widget.ImageButton
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
class SettingsActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
companion object {
const val PREFS_NAME = "relay_prefs"
const val PREF_KEY = "hmac_key"
}
private var isVisible = false
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_settings)
supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true)
supportActionBar?.title = "Instellingen"
val prefs = getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
val keyInput = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.keyInput)
val toggleBtn = findViewById<ImageButton>(R.id.toggleVisibility)
val saveButton = findViewById<Button>(R.id.saveButton)
val backButton = findViewById<Button>(R.id.backButton)
val keyError = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.keyError)
keyInput.setText(prefs.getString(PREF_KEY, ""))
toggleBtn.setOnClickListener {
isVisible = !isVisible
if (isVisible) {
keyInput.inputType = InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT or InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD
toggleBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_eye_open)
} else {
keyInput.inputType = InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT or InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD
toggleBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_eye_closed)
}
keyInput.setSelection(keyInput.text.length)
}
keyInput.addTextChangedListener(object : TextWatcher {
override fun afterTextChanged(s: Editable?) {
val cleaned = s?.toString()?.uppercase()?.filter { it in "0123456789ABCDEF" }
if (cleaned != null && cleaned != s.toString()) {
keyInput.removeTextChangedListener(this)
keyInput.setText(cleaned)
keyInput.setSelection(cleaned.length)
keyInput.addTextChangedListener(this)
}
val len = cleaned?.length ?: 0
if (len == 0 || len == 64) {
keyError.visibility = TextView.GONE
} else {
keyError.text = "Sleutel moet 64 hex tekens zijn (nu $len)"
keyError.visibility = TextView.VISIBLE
}
}
override fun beforeTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, count: Int, after: Int) {}
override fun onTextChanged(s: CharSequence?, start: Int, before: Int, count: Int) {}
})
saveButton.setOnClickListener {
val key = keyInput.text.toString().uppercase().filter { it in "0123456789ABCDEF" }
if (key.length != 64) {
keyError.text = "Sleutel moet 64 hex tekens zijn (nu ${key.length})"
keyError.visibility = TextView.VISIBLE
return@setOnClickListener
}
prefs.edit().putString(PREF_KEY, key).apply()
finish()
}
backButton.setOnClickListener { finish() }
}
override fun onSupportNavigateUp(): Boolean {
finish()
return true
}
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
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android:width="24dp"
android:height="24dp"
android:viewportWidth="24"
android:viewportHeight="24"
android:tint="?android:attr/textColorSecondary">
<path
android:fillColor="@android:color/white"
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</vector>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:width="24dp"
android:height="24dp"
android:viewportWidth="24"
android:viewportHeight="24"
android:tint="?android:attr/textColorSecondary">
<path
android:fillColor="@android:color/white"
android:pathData="M12,4.5C7,4.5 2.73,7.61 1,12c1.73,4.39 6,7.5 11,7.5s9.27,-3.11 11,-7.5c-1.73,-4.39 -6,-7.5 -11,-7.5zM12,17c-2.76,0 -5,-2.24 -5,-5s2.24,-5 5,-5 5,2.24 5,5 -2.24,5 -5,5zM12,9c-1.66,0 -3,1.34 -3,3s1.34,3 3,3 3,-1.34 3,-3 -1.34,-3 -3,-3z"/>
</vector>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:width="24dp"
android:height="24dp"
android:viewportWidth="24"
android:viewportHeight="24"
android:tint="?android:attr/textColorSecondary">
<path
android:fillColor="@android:color/white"
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</vector>

View file

@ -6,6 +6,16 @@
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="32dp">
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/settingsButton"
android:layout_width="48dp"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:layout_gravity="end"
android:src="@drawable/ic_settings"
android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackgroundBorderless"
android:contentDescription="Instellingen"
android:layout_marginBottom="16dp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/statusText"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"

View file

@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="24dp">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="HMAC Sleutel"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Voer de 64-teken hex sleutel in die de ESP op serial print na opstarten."
android:textSize="14sp"
android:layout_marginBottom="16dp" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:gravity="center_vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/keyInput"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:hint="C3F17B61..."
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:fontFamily="monospace"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:maxLength="64"
android:letterSpacing="0.05"
android:autofillHints=""
android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" />
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/toggleVisibility"
android:layout_width="48dp"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_eye_closed"
android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackgroundBorderless"
android:contentDescription="Toon/verberg sleutel" />
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/keyError"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@android:color/holo_red_dark"
android:textSize="14sp"
android:visibility="gone"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/saveButton"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Opslaan"
android:layout_marginTop="24dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/backButton"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Terug"
android:background="@android:color/transparent"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp" />
</LinearLayout>

View file

@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="app_name">Atom Relay</string>
<string name="settings">Instellingen</string>
<string name="hmac_key_hint">C3F17B61...</string>
<string name="save">Opslaan</string>
<string name="back">Terug</string>
</resources>

View file

@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLE2902.h>
#include <BLESecurity.h>
#include <mbedtls/md.h>
#include "hmac_key.h"
#define SENSOR_PIN 38
#define RELAY_PIN 1
@ -11,36 +14,85 @@
#define SERVICE_UUID "4fafc201-1fb5-459e-8fcc-c5c9c331914b"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID "beb5483e-36e1-4688-b7f5-ea07361f26d8"
#define HMAC_PKT_SIZE 37 // 1 cmd + 4 seq + 32 hmac
BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic;
bool deviceConnected = false;
bool bleCommand = false;
bool relayState = false;
uint32_t lastSeq = 0;
class MyServerCallbacks : public BLEServerCallbacks {
void onConnect(BLEServer *pServer) override {
deviceConnected = true;
lastSeq = 0;
Serial.println("BLE: device connected");
}
void onDisconnect(BLEServer *pServer) override {
deviceConnected = false;
bleCommand = false;
lastSeq = 0;
Serial.println("BLE: device disconnected");
BLEDevice::startAdvertising();
}
};
static bool verifyHmac(const uint8_t *packet) {
uint8_t cmd = packet[0];
uint32_t seq = ((uint32_t)packet[1] << 24) |
((uint32_t)packet[2] << 16) |
((uint32_t)packet[3] << 8) |
(uint32_t)packet[4];
if (seq <= lastSeq) {
Serial.printf("BLE: replay rejected (seq=%lu, last=%lu)\n", seq, lastSeq);
return false;
}
uint8_t hmacData[5];
hmacData[0] = cmd;
hmacData[1] = (seq >> 24) & 0xFF;
hmacData[2] = (seq >> 16) & 0xFF;
hmacData[3] = (seq >> 8) & 0xFF;
hmacData[4] = seq & 0xFF;
uint8_t computed[32];
const mbedtls_md_info_t *mdInfo = mbedtls_md_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
mbedtls_md_hmac(mdInfo, HMAC_KEY, 32, hmacData, 5, computed);
if (memcmp(computed, packet + 5, 32) != 0) {
Serial.println("BLE: HMAC mismatch");
return false;
}
lastSeq = seq;
return true;
}
class MyCharacteristicCallbacks : public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pChar) override {
std::string value = pChar->getValue();
if (value.length() > 0) {
uint8_t cmd = (uint8_t)value[0];
if (value.length() != HMAC_PKT_SIZE) {
Serial.printf("BLE: bad packet length %d (expected %d)\n",
(int)value.length(), HMAC_PKT_SIZE);
return;
}
const uint8_t *pkt = (const uint8_t *)value.data();
if (!verifyHmac(pkt)) {
return;
}
uint8_t cmd = pkt[0];
uint32_t seq = lastSeq;
if (cmd == 0x01) {
bleCommand = true;
Serial.println("BLE: relay ON");
Serial.printf("BLE: relay ON (seq=%lu)\n", seq);
} else {
bleCommand = false;
Serial.println("BLE: relay OFF");
}
Serial.printf("BLE: relay OFF (seq=%lu)\n", seq);
}
}
};
@ -55,7 +107,6 @@ void setup() {
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
// Visual confirmation: blink LED 3x before BLE init
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
delay(200);
@ -65,7 +116,12 @@ void setup() {
Serial.println("LED blink done, starting BLE...");
BLEDevice::init("AtomS3R-Relay");
BLEDevice::setMTU(23);
BLESecurity *pSecurity = new BLESecurity();
pSecurity->setAuthenticationMode(ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND);
pSecurity->setCapability(ESP_IO_CAP_NONE);
pSecurity->setInitEncryptionKey(ESP_BLE_ENC_KEY_MASK | ESP_BLE_ID_KEY_MASK);
BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());
@ -74,6 +130,7 @@ void setup() {
CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE | BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY
);
pCharacteristic->setAccessPermissions(ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE_ENCRYPTED);
pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCharacteristicCallbacks());
pCharacteristic->setValue("0");
@ -87,6 +144,16 @@ void setup() {
BLEDevice::startAdvertising();
Serial.println("BLE: advertising started as 'AtomS3R-Relay'");
Serial.println("Printing HMAC key in 5 seconds...");
delay(5000);
Serial.print("HMAC Key: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
Serial.printf("%02X", HMAC_KEY[i]);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("Enter this key in the Android app > Settings.");
Serial.println("Setup done.");
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Generate src/hmac_key.h with a random 32-byte HMAC-SHA256 key.
Usage:
python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py
This creates src/hmac_key.h (gitignored) and prints the hex key to stdout.
The hex key should be entered in the Android app's Settings screen.
"""
import os
import sys
import binascii
KEY_LENGTH = 32
OUTPUT_FILE = os.path.join("src", "hmac_key.h")
def generate():
key = os.urandom(KEY_LENGTH)
hex_key = binascii.hexlify(key).decode().upper()
header = f"""#ifndef HMAC_KEY_H
#define HMAC_KEY_H
// AUTO-GENERATED by tools/generate_hmac_key.py
// Do NOT commit this file. Do NOT edit by hand.
// To regenerate: python3 tools/generate_hmac_key.py
const uint8_t HMAC_KEY[{KEY_LENGTH}] = {{
{', '.join(f'0x{b:02x}' for b in key)}
}};
#endif // HMAC_KEY_H
"""
os.makedirs("src", exist_ok=True)
with open(OUTPUT_FILE, "w") as f:
f.write(header)
print(f"HMAC key written to {OUTPUT_FILE}")
print(f"Enter this key in the Android app Settings:")
print(f" {hex_key}")
print()
print(f"ESP serial output after boot will show the same key.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if os.path.exists(OUTPUT_FILE):
overwrite = input(f"{OUTPUT_FILE} already exists. Overwrite? [y/N] ")
if overwrite.lower() != 'y':
print("Aborted.")
sys.exit(0)
generate()